What is an Affinity Fraud?
Affinity fraud refers to investment scams that prey upon members of identifiable groups, such as religious or ethnic communities, the elderly, or professional groups. The fraudsters who promote these scams frequently are – or pretend to be – members of the group. They often enlist respected community or religious leaders from within the group to spread the word by convincing those people that a fraudulent investment is legitimate and worthwhile.
Many times, those leaders become unwitting victims of the fraud and also make the investment. These schemes exploit the trust and friendship that exist in groups of people who have something in common – an affinity. Because of the tight-knit structure of many groups, it can be difficult for regulators or law enforcement officials to detect an affinity scam. Victims often fail to notify authorities or pursue their legal remedies and instead try to work things out within the group. This is particularly true where the fraudsters have used respected community or religious leaders to convince others to join the investment.
Investing always involves some degree of risk. You can minimize your risk of investing unwisely by asking questions and getting the facts about any investment before you buy.
How Does Affinity Fraud Work
There are a number of ways in which fraudsters exploit the trust and friendship that exists in groups of people who have something in common. These scams exploit the trust and friendship that exist in groups of people who have something in common. For example, if you belong to a group of people who have a shared interest in the stock market, you may be tempted to share tips or other information with your friends. If you do this, you may be susceptible to a scam that exploits your trust and friendship. You may be invited to invest in a new investment opportunity. This may seem like a good idea because it is a group of people who have something in common. However, you should be wary.
Common affinity fraud schemes target members of a particular ethnic or religious group. At the same time, relying an an introduction from a member of your church for an investment advisor is an excellent way to start looking for an advisor, so you need to be careful.
How To Avoid Affinity Fraud
There are many ways that affinity fraud can be avoided. It is important to be aware of the characteristics of affinity fraud s and how they work.
1. Beware of investment schemes that claim to be endorsed by or operated by a religious or ethnic group. The fraudsters may claim to be members of the group and may be members of the group in name only. They may also be part of a larger criminal organization that uses the group to promote their criminal activity.
2. Be wary of investments that offer guaranteed or high rates of return. The fraudsters may claim that the investment is risk-free and will give a guaranteed return. If an investment seems too good to be true, then it probably is. Similarly, be extremely leery of any investment that is said to have no risks; very few investments are risk-free. The greater the potential return from an investment, the greater your risk of losing money. Promises of fast and high profits, with little or no risk, are classic warning signs of fraud.
3. Check out everything – no matter how trustworthy the person seems who brings the investment opportunity to your attention. Never make an investment based solely on the recommendation of a member of an organization or religious or ethnic group to which you belong. Investigate the proposal thoroughly and check the truth of every statement you are told about it. Be aware that the person telling you about the proposal may have been fooled into believing that the investment is legitimate when it is not.
4. Be skeptical of any opportunity that is not in writing. Fraudsters often avoid putting things in writing, but legitimate investments are usually in writing. Avoid an investment if you are told they do “not have the time to reduce to writing” the particulars. You should also be suspicious if you are told to keep the opportunity confidential.
5. Don’t be pressured or rushed into buying an investment before you have a chance to think about – or investigate – the “opportunity.“ Just because someone you know made money, or claims to have made money, doesn’t mean you will, too. Be especially skeptical of investments that are pitched as “once-in-a-lifetime” opportunities, particularly when the promoter bases the recommendation on “inside” or confidential information.
Recent Affinity Fraud Schemes
The SEC has compiled a list of recent affinity fraud schemes, which include:
SEC Obtains Asset Freeze and Other Relief in $4 Million Offering Fraud
The SEC obtained a temporary restraining order and an emergency asset freeze in a $4 million offering fraud and Ponzi scheme orchestrated by a financial planner which targeted members of his church, family members, and friends.
SEC Halts Ex-Marine’s Hedge Fund Fraud Targeting Fellow Military
The SEC obtained an emergency court order to halt a hedge fund investment scheme by a former Marine living in the Chicago area who was masquerading as a successful trader to defraud fellow veterans, current military, and other investors.
SEC Sues to Halt Houston-Area Investment Scheme Targeting Lebanese and Druze Communities
The SEC charged a day trader in Texas with defrauding investors in his supposed high-frequency trading program and providing them falsified brokerage records that drastically overstated assets and hid his massive trading losses. The scheme targeted fellow members of the Houston-area Lebanese and Druze communities, raising more than $6 million over a five-year period from at least 33 investors.
SEC Charges Ponzi Scheme Promoter Targeting Primarily African-American Churchgoers
Ponzi scheme promoter sold promissory notes bearing purported annual interest rates of 12% to 20%, telling primarily African-American investors that the funds would be used to purchase and support small businesses such as a laundry, juice bar, or gas station. Promoter also sold “sweepstakes machines” that he claimed would generate investor returns of as much as 300% or more in the first year.
SEC Charges Company and its Owners with Conducting an Offering Fraud Targeting Christian Investors
Ponzi scheme promoters raised almost $6 million from nearly 80 evangelical Christian investors through fraudulent, unregistered offerings of stock and short-term, high-yield promissory notes issued by their company, which was marketed as a voice-over-internet-protocol video services provider around the world.
SEC Shuts Down Ponzi Scheme Targeting Persian-Jewish Community in Los Angeles
The SEC obtained an emergency court order to halt an ongoing $7.5 million Ponzi scheme that targeted members of the Persian-Jewish community in Los Angeles. The SEC’s complaint alleged that the promoter, himself a member of the Persian-Jewish Los Angeles community, raised funds from 11 investors and used nearly $1.6 million investor funds to buy jewelry, high-end cars, and VIP tickets to sporting events. He lured investors with promises of exorbitant returns in purported pre-IPO shares of well-known companies.
SEC Halts Affinity Fraud Aimed at the Hispanic community
Defendants raised $817,500 from investors representing to them that their funds would be used to develop a financial services firm serving the Hispanic community. The promoter used a large part of the investors’ money to engage unsuccessfully in high risk “day-trading” of stocks, pay personal living, travel and entertainment expenses or make other, unexplained expenditures with no connection to the purported start-up business activities.
SEC Charges Real Estate Developer in Miami Affinity Fraud
Miami-based developer conducted an affinity fraud and Ponzi scheme involving real estate investments that raised $135 million from more than 400 investors, primarily from the South Florida Cuban exile community. Among other things, the developer paid existing investors with new investors’ funds and assigned the same real estate collateral to multiple investors.
SEC Charges South Florida Man in Investment Fraud Scheme
Fraudster raised nearly $11 million claiming returns as high as 26%. He typically met and pitched prospective investors over meals at expensive restaurants in and around Fort Lauderdale. His clients typically came to him through word-of-mouth referrals among friends and relatives. A significant number of the victims of his scheme were members of the gay community in Wilton Manors, Florida.
SEC Halts Online Affinity Fraud
Fraudster raised at least $2.4 million from at least five individuals in 2008 and 2009. He offered and sold promissory notes and convinced investors to grant him trading authority over money contained in online brokerage accounts. While doing so, he misrepresented his intended use of the money, the risks of his trading, the source of the money used to pay the guaranteed fixed returns, and falsely guaranteed repayment of investors’ principal.
SEC Charges Money Manager and Two Associates in New York City-Based Affinity Fraud
The SEC charged a purported money manager, his New York City-based investment company, and two of his associates with conducting an affinity fraud and Ponzi scheme that specifically targeted investors living in the Caribbean and African-American communities of Brookl
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If you believe you have been a victim of affinity fraud, or any other type of securities related scam, call Sallah Astarita & Cox, LLC at 212-509-6544. Our attorneys have over 100 years of experience in litigating securties fraud cases and have done so across the country.
n members of identifiable groups, such as religious or ethnic communities, the elderly, or professional groups. The fraudsters who promote affinity scams frequently are – or pretend to be – members of the group. They often enlist respected community or religious leaders from within the group to spread the word about the scheme by convincing those people that a fraudulent investment is legitimate and worthwhile. Many times, those leaders become unwitting victims of the fraudster’s ruse.
These scams exploit the trust and friendship that exist in groups of people who have something in common. Because of the tight-knit structure of many groups, it can be difficult for regulators or law enforcement officials to detect an affinity scam. Victims often fail to notify authorities or pursue their legal remedies and instead try to work things out within the group. This is particularly true where the fraudsters have used respected community or religious leaders to convince others to join the investment.
Other Definitions of Affinity Fraud
Investopedia – Affinity fraud is a type of investment fraud in which a con artist targets members of an identifiable group based on things such as race, age, religion, etc. The fraudster either is or pretends to be, a member of the group. Often the fraudster promotes a Ponzi or pyramid scheme. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/affinityfraud.asp
Affinity Fraud: How to Avoid Investment Scams That Target Group
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